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Ransomware is a type of malicious software that threatens to publish the victim's data or perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid.
Ransomware - Wikipedia. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that threatens to publish the victim's data or perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid. While some simple ransomware may lock the system in a way which is not difficult for a knowledgeable person to reverse, more advanced malware uses a technique called cryptoviral extortion, in which it encrypts the victim's files, making them inaccessible, and demands a ransom payment to decrypt them. However, one high- profile example, the . It is called cryptoviral extortion and it was inspired by the fictional facehugger in the movie Alien. The malware is released. It uses the public key in the malware to encrypt the symmetric key.
This is known as hybrid encryption and it results in a small asymmetric ciphertext as well as the symmetric ciphertext of the victim's data. It zeroizes the symmetric key and the original plaintext data to prevent recovery. It puts up a message to the user that includes the asymmetric ciphertext and how to pay the ransom. The victim sends the asymmetric ciphertext and e- money to the attacker.
The victim deciphers the encrypted data with the needed symmetric key thereby completing the cryptovirology attack. The symmetric key is randomly generated and will not assist other victims.
At no point is the attacker's private key exposed to victims and the victim need only send a very small ciphertext (the encrypted symmetric- cipher key) to the attacker. Ransomware attacks are typically carried out using a Trojan, entering a system through, for example, a downloaded file or a vulnerability in a network service. The program then runs a payload, which locks the system in some fashion, or claims to lock the system but does not (e.
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Payloads may display a fake warning purportedly by an entity such as a law enforcement agency, falsely claiming that the system has been used for illegal activities, contains content such as pornography and . A key element in making ransomware work for the attacker is a convenient payment system that is hard to trace. A range of such payment methods have been used, including wire transfers, premium- rate text messages.
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Its payload hid the files on the hard drive and encrypted only their names, and displayed a message claiming that the user's license to use a certain piece of software had expired. The user was asked to pay US$1. The Trojan was also known as .
Popp was declared mentally unfit to stand trial for his actions, but he promised to donate the profits from the malware to fund AIDS research. In the von Solms- Naccache scenario a newspaper publication was used (since bitcoin ledgers did not exist at the time the paper was written). The notion of using public key cryptography for data kidnapping attacks was introduced in 1.
Adam L. Young and Moti Yung. Young and Yung critiqued the failed AIDS Information Trojan that relied on symmetric cryptography alone, the fatal flaw being that the decryption key could be extracted from the Trojan, and implemented an experimental proof- of- concept cryptovirus on a Macintosh SE/3. RSA and the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) to hybrid encrypt the victim's data. Since public key crypto is used, the cryptovirus only contains the encryption key. The attacker keeps the corresponding private decryption key private. Young and Yung's original experimental cryptovirus had the victim send the asymmetric ciphertext to the attacker who deciphers it and returns the symmetric decryption key it contains to the victim for a fee.
Long before electronic money existed Young and Yung proposed that electronic money could be extorted through encryption as well, stating that . Even if the e- money was previously encrypted by the user, it is of no use to the user if it gets encrypted by a cryptovirus. Giger's facehugger and it's host in the movie Alien. Gpcode. AG, which was detected in June 2.
RSA public key. Using a 1. RSA key, it was believed large enough to be computationally infeasible to break without a concerted distributed effort. In December 2. 01. ZDNet estimated based on Bitcoin transaction information that between 1. October and 1. 8 December, the operators of Crypto. Locker had procured about US$2.
These LNK shortcut files install Locky ransomware by automating infection operations rather than relying on traditional user downloads of WSF files—all of which is made possible by the universal Power. Shell Windows application. Unfortunately, cyber criminals have been able to leverage Power. Shell for their attacks for years. In a recent report, the application was found to be involved in nearly 4. While attackers have been finding weaknesses in the Windows operating system for years, it’s clear that there’s something problematic with Power.
Shell scripting. Unlike the previous Gpcode Trojan, Win. Lock did not use encryption. Instead, Win. Lock trivially restricted access to the system by displaying pornographic images, and asked users to send a premium- rate SMS (costing around US$1. The scam hit numerous users across Russia and neighboring countries—reportedly earning the group over US$1. An online activation option was offered (like the actual Windows activation process), but was unavailable, requiring the user to call one of six international numbers to input a 6- digit code.
While the malware claimed that this call would be free, it was routed through a rogue operator in a country with high international phone rates, who placed the call on hold, causing the user to incur large internationallong distance charges. Unlike its Windows- based counterparts, it does not block the entire computer, but simply exploits the behavior of the web browser itself to frustrate attempts to close the page through normal means. An investigation discovered the incriminating files, and the man was charged with child sexual abuse and possession of child pornography. The attack was presented at West Point in 2.
Malicious Cryptography as follows, . In the extortion attack, the victim is denied access to its own valuable information and has to pay to get it back, where in the attack that is presented here the victim retains access to the information but its disclosure is at the discretion of the computer virus. The attack can yield monetary gain in cases where the malware acquires access to information that may damage the victim user or organization, e. Mobile ransomware. Typically, mobile ransomware payloads are blockers, as there is little incentive to encrypt data since it can be easily restored via online synchronization.
Based on the Citadel Trojan (which itself, is based on the Zeus Trojan), its payload displays a warning purportedly from a law enforcement agency claiming that the computer has been used for illegal activities, such as downloading unlicensed software or child pornography. Due to this behaviour, it is commonly referred to as the . To increase the illusion that the computer is being tracked by law enforcement, the screen also displays the computer's IP address, while some versions display footage from a victim's webcam to give the illusion that the user is being recorded. Another version contained the logo of the royalty collection society. PRS for Music, which specifically accused the user of illegally downloading music. The malware threatened to delete the private key if a payment of Bitcoin or a pre- paid cash voucher was not made within 3 days of the infection.
Due to the extremely large key size it uses, analysts and those affected by the Trojan considered Crypto. Locker extremely difficult to repair.
Department of Justice on 2 June 2. The Department of Justice also publicly issued an indictment against the Russian hacker Evgeniy Bogachev for his alleged involvement in the botnet. The Trojans spread via fraudulent e- mails claiming to be failed parcel delivery notices from Australia Post; to evade detection by automatic e- mail scanners that follow all links on a page to scan for malware, this variant was designed to require users to visit a web page and enter a CAPTCHA code before the payload is actually downloaded, preventing such automated processes from being able to scan the payload. Symantec determined that these new variants, which it identified as Crypto. Locker. F, were again, unrelated to the original Crypto. Locker due to differences in their operation. However, this flaw was later fixed.
One strain of Crypto. Wall was distributed as part of a malvertising campaign on the Zedo ad network in late- September 2.
A Barracuda Networks researcher also noted that the payload was signed with a digital signature in an effort to appear trustworthy to security software. To further evade detection, the malware creates new instances of explorer. When encrypting files, the malware also deletes volume shadow copies, and installs spyware that steals passwords and Bitcoin wallets. Between April 2. 01. March 2. 01. 6, about 5.
Fusob. Rather surprisingly, Fusob suggests using i. Tunes gift cards for payment. Also, a timer clicking down on the screen adds to the users’ anxiety as well. In order to infect devices, Fusob masquerades as a pornographic video player. Thus, victims, thinking it is harmless, unwittingly download Fusob. If it uses Russian or certain Eastern European languages, Fusob does nothing.
Otherwise, it proceeds on to lock the device and demand ransom. Among victims, about 4. Germany with the United Kingdom and the United States following with 1. Fusob has lots in common with Small, which is another major family of mobile ransomware. They represented over 9. Wanna. Crypt. National Security Agency. The ransomware attack, unprecedented in scale.
Wanna. Crypt demanded US$3. Check Point reported that despite what it believed to be an innovative evolution in ransomware design, it had resulted in relatively- fewer infections than other ransomware active around the same time frame. This version had been modified to propagate using the same Eternal. Blue exploit that was used by Wanna.